A carat of pigeon blood ruby. Let's see how much it is. 60000 yuan was bought in Thailand. Is it expensive!

If you have already bought it, don't consider the price again. If you don't buy it, you may miss it and regret it in the next few years. I personally feel that I have no regrets about buying it. After all, 60000 yuan is relatively easy to get. If the currency really depreciates... So in terms of price, as long as it can be guaranteed to be natural and genuine, it is cost-effective. Here are some Ruby knowledge for reference

Ruby refers to corundum with red color, which is a kind of corundum. The main component is aluminum oxide (Al2O3). Red comes from chromium (CR), mainly Cr2O3. The content is generally 0.1 ~ 3%, and the highest is 4%. Naturally, gemstones without chromium are blue sapphires. Most natural rubies come from Asia (Myanmar, Thailand, Sri Lanka, China's Hainan, Chongqing's Jiangjin stalagmite mountain and so on have been found, as well as in Africa and Australia, Montana and South Carolina in the United States. Natural ruby is very rare and precious, but it is not too difficult to man-made, so industrial rubies are all man-made. In 1991, a conjoined red and sapphire was found in Changle County, Shandong Province, China, weighing 67.5 carats. It is called "mandarin duck gem." It can be called a rare miracle in the world. In 1983, several Ruby mines were found in the stalagmite mountain stream in Jiangjin, Chongqing, with the largest of 32.7 carats
1 Introduction to gems
the English name of ruby is ruby, which originates from Latin and means red. It belongs to the corundum family of minerals and belongs to the cubic crystal system. It is red to pink because of its chromium content. The higher the content, the brighter the color. The blood red ruby is most cherished by people, commonly known as "pigeon blood red". Ruby and emerald, golden water Bodhi sapphire, tourmaline and so on belong to the genus of colored gems
ruby is hard, and its hardness is only below that of diamond
it is said that in the past, the samurai of Myanmar cut a small hole in their body and embedded a ruby in their mouth. They thought that this could achieve the goal of invulnerability
the world's largest and most famous original starlight ruby is produced in Magu region of Myanmar. It was collected in the Saibao conference held in Qingdao on March 11, 2012. Liu Jing, a researcher and expert of the Palace Museum, was awarded the title of "Chinese folk treasure" by five experts. The area near Magu in the northeast of Mandalay city in Myanmar is the main production area of high-quality ruby
the most perfect ruby in the world is the 138.7-carat "roseriff" Starlight Ruby from Sri Lanka. The ruby with the most desolate love story in the world is the Carmen Lucia dove blood ruby, which weighs 23.1 carats and is set in a platinum ring decorated with broken diamonds, which is collected in the Smithsonian Museum of the United States. This ruby is also one of the most beautiful gems in the world
in 1991, a conjoined body of red and sapphire was found in Changle County, Shandong Province, China, weighing 67.5 carats. It was called the "mandarin duck gem", which can be called a rare miracle in the world. Several Ruby mines were discovered in the stalagmite mountain stream in Chongqing in the early 1980s, the largest of which is 12.7 carats
quoting the Research Report of Asian Gemstone Association (GIG): Ruby refers to corundum with red and pink color. It is a kind of corundum, and its main component is alumina (Al2O3), and the red color comes from chromium (Cr3 ). Naturally, gemstones without chromium are blue sapphires. The main physical properties are: refractive index: 1.762 ~ 1.770, birefringence: 0.008 ~ 0.010; Density: 4.00g/cm3; With typical absorption lines; Hardness and sapphire are next to diamonds, which is the second largest hardness of 9. Therefore, only diamonds can be scored on its surface, and a line can be easily drawn on the surface of glass with one of its edges (the hardness of glass is below 6); The cracks are relatively divergent. There are many cracks inside the common ruby, that is, the so-called "ten red and nine crack" of ruby; It has obvious dichroism, and sometimes its color change can be seen by naked eyes from different angles; The original shape of ruby before processing is barrel and plate
most natural rubies come from Asia (Myanmar, Thailand and Sri Lanka), Africa and Australia, as well as Montana and South Carolina. Natural ruby is very rare and precious, but it is not too difficult to make it, so industrial ruby is artificial
the English name of ruby is ruby, which is derived from Latin ruber, meaning red. The Japanese name of ruby is ル ビ ー. The mineral name of ruby is corundum
(Note: Pink corundum is not called ruby, but Pink Sapphire.)
only the red corundum colored by CR can be called ruby
the pink corundum is not CR colored
crystal habit: it belongs to the trihedral system and the complex trihedral cube crystal; The crystal shape is usually barrel, short column, plate, etc. Aggregates are mostly granular or dense blocks
transparency: transparent to translucent,
gloss: bright glass luster to sub diamond luster
refractive index: 1.762-1.770, ( 0.009, - 0.005)
birefringence: 0.008 ~ 0.010
dispersion: low 0.018
polychromicity: obvious dichroism, often manifested as: purplish red / maroon red, crimson / red, red / orange red, rose red / Pink
optical property: U - (uniaxial crystal negative optical property)
special optical effect: Starlight effect, which reflects charming six or twelve starlight under light irradiation. Discoloration effect
Morse hardness: 9,
SG (relative density): 3.99-4.00
cleavage: no cleavage, bottom cleavage developed
luminosity: Ruby emits red and dark red fluorescence under long and short wavelength ultraviolet radiation
absorption spectrum: typical absorption spectrum of CR. 688nm 690nm absorption double line 668nm 659nm absorption weak line 550nm absorption broadband (yellow green absorption) blue 468nm ultraviolet absorption
color source: Trace Chromium makes it red. The higher the chromium content, the redder it is. The reddest is commonly known as "pigeon blood red"
symbolic meaning: nobility, love and kindness
Title: "king of gems"
birthplace: mainly igneous or metamorphic rock area
2 symbolic significance

the English name of ruby is ruby. In the Bible, ruby is the most precious of all gems. The hot red of ruby makes people always associate it with passion and love. It is known as the "stone of love", which symbolizes passion like fire, the beauty, eternity and constancy of love. Ruby is the birthstone of July. Rubies of different colors come from different countries, but they also mean good luck. Red is always the messenger of beauty, and ruby is the best guide to send wishes to others. Among the red rubies, the most valuable is the one with the thickest color, which is called "dove blood red". This bright and strong color, which can almost be called deep red, shows the true face of ruby at a glance. Unfortunately, most rubies are light red and have a pink feeling, so rubies with dove blood tone are more valuable. Because ruby is filled with a strong vitality and rich color, people in the past thought it was the embodiment of the immortal bird and had a warm fantasy about it. It is said that wearing a ruby ring on the left hand or a RUBY BROOCH on the left chest has the magic of turning enemies into friends
3 legend and ancient charm
the Myanmar "Ruiguang pagoda" built in 585 BC was inlaid with 2317 red and sapphires
the crowns of emperors in many countries are decorated with red and sapphire, such as the crowns of the queen of England, the king of Iran and the Tsar of Russia; Iran's pure gold globe is also inlaid with a large number of rubies
in China, it is recorded in the book of the later Han Dynasty - Biography of the southwestern barbarians. At that time, it was called a "Pearl of light", indicating that China had recognized red and sapphire in the Eastern Han Dynasty
in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, red and sapphire were widely used as court jewelry, and the number of folk wearers gradually increased
during the excavation of the famous Ming Dingling tomb, a large number of high-quality red and sapphire ornaments were obtained
among the funeral objects of Empress Dowager Cixi, there were a pair of ruby court beads, 27 Ruby Buddhas, 60 Ruby apricots, 40 Ruby dates, and 3790 other red and sapphire jewelry and small carvings in various shapes, including 18 large sapphires of 68ct and many sapphires of 17ct
in the Qing Dynasty, the titles of princes and ministers were distinguished by the types of precious stones worn on their tops. Among them, the prince and the first grade official are ruby, and sapphire is the top mark of the third grade official.
it is said that those who wear ruby jewelry will live a long life, have a happy love, have a harmonious family, and become rich. Another legend believes that wearing a RUBY BROOCH on the left chest or a ruby ring on the left hand can turn bad luck into good fortune and turn enemies into friends
the Bible says that Ruby symbolizes Jewish tribes. The fourth gem (called naphek) on Aaron's robe is either ruby or garnet. The name of Judah was engraved on the gem. Since the Jews announced the establishment of the Israeli throne, this precious gem has been the pet of the crown. I also believe that Ruby can protect people from harm
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4 the largest gem
is 1700.01 carat starlight Ruby raw stone. The ruby is 6.19 cm long, 4.32 cm wide and 6.48 cm high. It is produced in Magu, Myanmar. It is bright in color and has not been carved. It naturally forms a mountain character shape. The crystal is complete and the particle size is rare in the world. It is the world's top priceless treasure
Carmen Lucia ruby, collected by the Smithsonian Museum (National Museum of natural history), is the largest high-quality faceted Ruby on display. It weighs 23.1 carats and is an unparalleled gem. Carmen Lucia came from Myanmar in the 1930s, and later moved to Europe. In the 1980s, it was purchased by an American Gem collector
Ruby symbolizes love. This unique ruby is also full of a soul stirring love. In 2004, American millionaire Pete Barker donated it to the Smithsonian Museum in the name of his wife Carmen Lucia Barker. Carmen Lucia was born in Brazil. When she was studying in the United States, she met Peter Barker and married him in 1978
5 related symbols
people love Ruby and regard it as a representative of love, passion and noble morality, and a brilliant symbol. It is said that those who wear Ruby will live a long and healthy life, have a happy love and have a harmonious family. The international gemstone community defines Ruby as the "July Birthstone", which is a symbol of nobility, love and kindness. In Europe, ruby is still the witness of marriage at Royal wedding. In the international gem market, the bright red ruby is called "male ruby" and the light red ruby is called "female ruby". If a man has a ruby, he can control the power he dreams of. If a woman has a ruby, she can get eternal love
the blood red ruby is most cherished by people, commonly known as "pigeon blood red". Its color is bright red and beautiful, which can be called the "crown of red gems". The magnificent ruby is the king of gems and the treasure of treasures. Its advantages exceed all gems. Some ancient books believe that ruby is "the most precious of the twelve kinds of precious stones created by God when he created all things."
6 action and efficacy
according to medical records, ruby can produce dryness and heat, dispel cold and nourish the heart, dry dampness and nourish the brain, refresh the spirit and mind, eliminate epilepsy and depression, nourish the nerves, detoxify and brighten the eyes. It mainly deals with damp cold or mucinous diseases, such as cold palpitation, palpitation, damp brain deficiency, cold neurasthenia, schizophrenia, epilepsy, various toxic diseases and eye diseases
7 production environment
arduous Ruby mining environment: there are relatively few Ruby producing areas, mainly distributed in Myanmar, Thailand, Sri Lanka, Vietnam, India, Tanzania, China and other places. In addition, there is often a saying that "ten treasures and nine cracks", which means that most rubies have cracks, flaws, grain cracks, etc., especially pure and perfect rubies are very rare. Sapphire is mainly distributed in Myanmar, Thailand, Sri Lanka, Bailin region of Cambodia, Kashmir of India, Australia, Montana of the United States, China and other places

8 main producing areas
Myanmar
Myanmar ruby has two main producing areas, one is Magu, Myanmar; The other is Myanmar mon SOE
Magu, Myanmar is the origin of the most exquisite ruby in the world. It is famous for pigeon blood red, so that "Myanmar ruby" has become a synonym for high-quality ruby in business. Myanmar Magu ruby has bright rose red - the highest grade of its red is called "pigeon blood red", which means that the red is pure and highly saturated. Under the sunlight, it shows fluorescence effect, and all facets are bright red and shiny. It often contains rich fine rutile needle mist, forming starlight. The color distribution is uneven
Meng Su is a new Ruby production area discovered in the 1990s, located about 200 kilometers southeast of Magu. Mengsu ruby is generally purplish red to maroon red, and there is often a dark blue purple core in the center of ruby crystal. After heat treatment, the dark blue purple color spots are somewhat eliminated, and they are dark red to red, and sometimes form white flocs, resulting in decreased transparency. In addition, mengsu Ruby also has a common growth zone parallel to the bottom

Thailand
Thailand is also an important producer and trading center of ruby. It is reported that nearly 70% of the world's high-quality ruby is produced in Thailand. The origin of ruby is located in zhantaburi, Southeast Thailand. Thai ruby has high Fe content, dark color, low transparency, and is mostly dark red brown red. There is no fluorescence effect under sunlight, but the facets in direct light are brighter, and other facets are blackened. The color is relatively uniform. It lacks rutile inclusions, so there is no starlight Ruby variety
Sri Lanka
Sri Lanka ruby is famous for its high transparency and soft color. Moreover, the particles are large, and the color changes greatly, from light red to red, pink, brown red or maroon to cherry red. High grade products are bright red with pink and yellow tones, often called cherry red or water red. In addition, its color band is developed, and the rutile needles are thin, long and evenly distributed

Tanzania
the common colors of Tanzanian rubies are purplish red and orange red, but less pink and red, which is related to the higher Fe, Ti and relatively low Cr content of rubies. Most Ruby cracks are not healed, which are filled with foreign particles, and the transparency of ruby decreases

9 distinguishing method
differences from other similar Gemstones:
1. Differences from red garnet
garnet is homogeneous and has no polychromism, while ruby has obvious polychromism.
under UV lamp, ruby has red fluorescence, while garnet is inert.
when zooming in, the interior of garnet is relatively clean, and there are abundant gas-liquid inclusions and solid inclusions in ruby
2. Difference from red spinel
spinel is homogeneous and has no polychromism
the refractive index is lower than that of ruby
during magnification inspection, spinel has octahedral negative crystals arranged in a string of beads
3. Difference from red tourmaline
tourmaline has more obvious polychromism
faceted gemstones can be seen in the right direction with rear faceted edge ghost
4. Difference from andalusite
andalusite has strong polychromism visible to the naked eye, and its color is brown, yellow, green Three colors of brown orange and maroon red
under short wave ultraviolet light, andalusite has no to medium green and yellow green fluorescence, while ruby has no to medium red fluorescence.
ruby has obvious CR absorption lines in the red area
5. Difference from red glass
red glass is homogeneous and has no polychromism.
when you zoom in, bubbles, vortex lines and other phenomena can be seen in red glass.
it has a typical shell like fracture with obvious ridge lines.
glass density is small,
10 grading standard
the grading standard of ruby is mainly based on 1t and 4C: transparency (), color, clarity, cut and carat
transparency
transparency: refers to the degree to which the gem allows visible light to pass through
in the naked eye identification of ruby, transparency is generally divided into five levels: transparent, sub transparent, translucent, sub translucent and opaque, as shown in Figure 1-1
1. Transparency
allows most of the light to pass through. When you look at the object behind it through the gem, you can see the clear outline and details
2. Semi transparent
allows more light to pass through. When you look at the object behind it through the gem, you can see the outline of the object, but the details are blurred
3. Translucence
allows some light to pass through. When you look at the object behind it through the gem, you can only see the outline shadow of the object, but not the details
4. Semi translucent
only a small amount of light can pass through the edges and corners of the gemstone, but the objects behind it can not be seen through the gemstone
5. Opacity
basically, light is not allowed to pass through, and the light is completely absorbed or reflected by the object
color standard
Color: refers to the color of gemstones under natural light
since the light source will have a great impact on the color of ruby and sapphire, the observation method for ruby and sapphire grading is clearly required as follows:
1. Place the gem on a white background
2. Observe from the gem table
3. Observe ruby in natural light
generally, the purer and more colorful the ruby is, the higher the quality and the higher the value. After comprehensively considering various factors affecting the color of ruby and sapphire, we divide Ruby and sapphire into five levels, among which ruby is divided into five levels: dark red, red, medium red, light red and light red. Consumers can simply grade the color of ruby by comparing the five levels of ruby
in color grading, we need to consider the influence of color distribution uniformity and backfire (internal reflection light caused by cutting) on ruby color grading. Generally, they can raise or lower the color grade of ruby and sapphire by one sub grade
clarity Standard
clarity: refers to the content of gemstones
rubies and Sapphires usually contain a certain amount of inclusions. The size, quantity, brightness and position of inclusions have an important impact on the value of rubies and sapphires
under naked eye observation, the grades of ruby and sapphire are divided into five grades. See the purity grading table of ruby and sapphire. The following figure corresponds to the five levels of ruby and sapphire clarity.

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